The herb Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) is\nused in traditional medicine to treat diseases with an\ninflammatory background, such as haemorrhoidal disease,\ndysentery, chronic intestinal catarrh, eczema, varicose\nveins, periodontosis and gingivitis. Because these diseases\nare closely associated with an excessive inflammatory\nresponse of stimulated neutrophils, the influence of aqueous\nextract and isolated C-glucosidic ellagitannins (dimeric\nsalicarinins A, B and C, vescalagin, castalagin) on their\npro-inflammatory functions was examined. Lythrum salicaria\naqueous extract was shown to modulate lipopolysaccharide\n(LPS)-triggered production of IL-8 (at 20 lg/\nmL, 16.6 �± 4.2 % inhibition) but had no influence on\nMMP-9 production. It was active towards cytochalasin A/f-\nMLP- stimulated elastase release (at 20 lg/mL,\n21.5 �± 3.9 % inhibition), myeloperoxidase release (at\n1 lg/mL, 26.5 �± 5.4 % inhibition) and f-MLP- and PMAinduced\nreactive oxygen species production (at 20 lg/mL,\n67.0 �± 3.9 and 66.5 �± 1.9 % inhibition, respectively). The\nextract was also shown to inhibit expression of integrin\nCD11b on the neutrophil surface without influencing\nselectin CD62L shedding. Dose-dependent inhibition of\nhyaluronidase activity was observed with\nIC50 = 10.1 �± 1.2 lg/mL. The main C-glucosidic ellagitannins\nwere shown to be responsible for all these activities\nwith more significant participation attributable to dimeric\nsalicarinins A, B, C. This study has demonstrated potent\nactivity of aqueous extract on stimulated neutrophils; this\nenhanced response is known to cause pathological changes\nin skin and mucosa tissues. These observations support and\nexplain the traditional use of the herb Lythrum salicaria to\ntreat certain diseases with an inflammatory background. Cglucosidic\nellagitannins, especially dimeric salicarinins, are\nthe factors responsible for these effects.
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